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MySQL

MySQL Data Types

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  • Introduction to MySQL Data Types
  • Rules for using MySQL Data Types
  • Different MySQL Data Types

Introduction to MySQL Data Types

Before creating Tables, you should know about data types. Data types have an elegant role while creating tables. . Every column stores a different kind of value in any table. Data types are used to define what kind of value the store will store. Every column is defined when creating the data type table.

Imagine that you are creating a table that will store information about employees. In this table, you want to add a column that will store the names of the employees. For this column, you will define character data type while creating a table. This is similar to creating a variable in a programming language.

In this tutorial, I’m just telling you about data types. You can learn how to use them in the tables. Learn MySQL data types can be divided into 4 major categories.

  1. Numeric
  2. Character String
  3. Binary String
  4. Temporal

Rules For Defining Data Types

Before discussing these data types in detail, let\’s try to know some of the rules that you should keep in mind while decrying data types.

  1. You should use the same data type that will represent your data properly.
  2. You should define a data type that can define the data at least in memory space. By doing so you save resources.
  3. You should use a data type that can store the maximum value of your data.

Now let\’s try to know more about the data types used in MySQL.

Numeric Data Types

Data types are used to store numeric values. Numeric types have been divided into 4 categories. These are being given below.

Integer

Integer types are used to store whole numbers. Whole numbers are numbers that do not have fractional parts (decimal and numbers after that). Integer types have been divided into 5 categories according to size.

Types Explanation
TinyintThis is an integer data type to store a very small value. In it, you can store any number from 128 to 128.
Smallint This data type is used to store more value than tinyint. In it, you can store a value of -32768 to 32768.
Medium Int This is the data type to store a medium size value. Its range ranges from -8388608 to 8388607.
Int This is the most popular integer type, in which you can store values from -2147483648 to 2147483648.
Big Int This is the largest integer type and you can store any value up to 9223372036854775807.

Floating Point

Floating point numbers are numbers that include the fractional part (decimal and the number after that). Floating-point numbers have been divided into 2 categories according to size.

TypeExplanation
FloatFloat single-precision (7 digits after decimals) is the floating-point type. Its size is 4 bytes.
DoubleThis is a double-precision floating point type. Its size is 8 bytes.

Fixed Point Types

Fixed point data types are used to store decimal numbers. Decimal numbers contain a number that is an integer, in which the fractional part can also be included. The special thing about this data type is that in it you can store only fractional parts. You can also control values ​​as if you want to store 2 values ​​after decimals, you can also do this by using this data type.

Bit Type

The bit data type presents the bit field value. In the Bit data type, you add width, it shows how many bits of the value to store.

Example – bit_column BIT (4)

Character String Data Types

Character string data types represent alphanumeric values ​​(number and character). The character string is a very valuable data type, many programming languages ​​use it. There are 3 types of character string data types in MySQL, let\’s try to know them.

Type  Explanation  
Char Char is a fixed-length data type. When you define a column of char type, you have to give the maximum length (the number of bytes you want to store). You can not store a value greater than that length.
VarChar VarChar is a variable-length data type. You can also store values ​​of more size than the length you are given in it.
Text  Text type stores unstructured text. These can store the value of the text variable length.

Binary String Data Type

Binary values ​​are sequences of bytes. It is stored as a pair of 8 bits. You can also store images, sounds, movies, and executable files in the Binary string data types. Because these are all in binary format. There are 2 types of binary string data types in MySQL.

Type Explanation
Binary This data type is the same as char but it stores binary byte strings.
VarBinary This is similar to the data type varchar but it stores the binary byte string.

Temporal Data Type

In MySQL, date and time types are called temporal types. In such data types, you can store temporal information such as time, year, date etc. Temporal data types are of 5 types.

TypeExplanation
Time typeTime store is done in this data type. Its size is 3 bytes.
Year typeThis data type is used to store any year.
Date typeThe date type is used to store a single date.
DateTime typeThis type is used to store both date and time.
Timestamp typeIt also stores date and time like date Time type, just the format is different.

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